(* Content-type: application/mathematica *) (*** Wolfram Notebook File ***) (* http://www.wolfram.com/nb *) (* CreatedBy='Mathematica 6.0' *) (*CacheID: 234*) (* Internal cache information: NotebookFileLineBreakTest NotebookFileLineBreakTest NotebookDataPosition[ 145, 7] NotebookDataLength[ 80773, 2249] NotebookOptionsPosition[ 78071, 2154] NotebookOutlinePosition[ 78412, 2169] CellTagsIndexPosition[ 78369, 2166] WindowFrame->Normal ContainsDynamic->False*) (* Beginning of Notebook Content *) Notebook[{ Cell[CellGroupData[{ Cell["Moderation Example", "Title", CellChangeTimes->{{3.415972743998557*^9, 3.4159728027665157`*^9}}, TextAlignment->Center], Cell["\<\ J. McNeil 3/31/2008\ \>", "Text", CellChangeTimes->{{3.415972816818822*^9, 3.4159728375783367`*^9}}], Cell[CellGroupData[{ Cell["Task: Role of moderation", "Section", CellChangeTimes->{{3.416570645593732*^9, 3.4165706466290407`*^9}}], Cell[TextData[{ "In this task we explore the role of moderating (slowing) the neutrons. As \ can be seen from the data lists, for ", Cell[BoxData[ FormBox[ RowBox[{ SuperscriptBox["\[InvisiblePrefixScriptBase]", "235"], "U"}], TraditionalForm]]], " the macroscopic cross section for fission by a fast neutron is 0.068 ", Cell[BoxData[ FormBox[ RowBox[{"\[InvisiblePrefixScriptBase]", SuperscriptBox["cm", RowBox[{"-", "1"}]]}], TraditionalForm]]], ", while that for a thermal (slow) neutron is 28.4 ", Cell[BoxData[ FormBox[ RowBox[{"\[InvisiblePrefixScriptBase]", SuperscriptBox["cm", RowBox[{"-", "1"}]]}], TraditionalForm]]], ". A moderator is a material that slows the neutrons down without absorbing \ them. Graphite (", Cell[BoxData[ FormBox[ RowBox[{ SuperscriptBox["\[InvisiblePrefixScriptBase]", "12"], "C"}], TraditionalForm]]], ") is an excellent moderator. It has a macroscopic scattering cross section \ of 0.381", Cell[BoxData[ FormBox[ RowBox[{"\[InvisiblePrefixScriptBase]", SuperscriptBox["cm", RowBox[{"-", "1"}]]}], TraditionalForm]]], "and an absorption cross section of 0.00027 ", Cell[BoxData[ FormBox[ RowBox[{"\[InvisiblePrefixScriptBase]", SuperscriptBox["cm", RowBox[{"-", "1"}]]}], TraditionalForm]]], ". The addition of a moderating material, like graphite, can alter the \ critical reactivity. Enrico Fermi used this to construct the first sustained \ chain reaction using natural uranium as the fuel. 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