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UNIX and X-windows Quick Reference

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These instructions are for alphanumeric terminals or terminal windows (via Xwin-32, ssh/slogin or telnet). Commands are case sensitive. Parts of commands shown inside of square brackets — [ ] — are optional. Parts of commands inside of angle brackets — < > — should be replaced with your relevent file or directory names.

• To use online help (manuals):
      man <command> or apropos <keyword>
  [e.g., man ls prints the manual pages for the "ls" command to your screen. apropos print would print the command names related to printing.]
• To check current directory location (print working directory):
      pwd
• To change your working directory (change directory):
      cd
  (changes directory to your home directory)
      cd <directoryname>
  (changes directory to the named directory)
• For a shortcut to refer to your home directory: ~
  [e.g., cd ~/mail would change directory to your mail folder in your home directory.]
  
• A shortcut to refer to the directory one level above your current directory: ..
  [e.g., cd .. would change your working directory to one level back.]
• To list files in the current directory:
      ls
• To determine size of file in bytes or view access permissions:
      ls -l [filename]
• File access changes:
  
  • Add (+) execute permissions (x) for the owner/user (u) of the file:
        chmod u+x <filename>
  • Add (+) read permissions (r) for everyone (a) for all files (*) in the current directory:
        chmod a+r *
  • Remove (-) world/other (o) read permissions (r) for a file:
        chmod o-r <filename>
  • Add (+) group (g) write permissions (w) for a file:
        chmod g+w <filename>
• To delete (remove) a file:
      rm <filename>
• To copy a file:
      cp <existingfile> <newfile>
• To view contents of a text file:
      more <filename>
  (space bar advances a page, RETURN advances a line)
• To determine space used by files in current directory and subdirectories in Kbytes:
      du -sk

 

Don't forget to logout! If you are using a Xwin-32 session, logout (type "exit" or use "CTRL-d") and then close the Xwin-32 window.