GEGN 498 – 3 Cr. Hours

T-Th 11-12:15

 

Spring Term 2000 - John McCray and Geoffrey Thyne - Instructors

 

 

Prerequisites: basic chemistry and hydrogeology (GEGN 467).

TEXT – Domenico and Schwartz, 1998, Physical and Chemical Hydrogeology, 824p.

 

1.      Introduction, sources and types of contaminants.

2.      Basics and formulation of the Advection-Dispersion Equation (ADE), solutions.

3.      Introduction to PHREEQC

4.      Aqueous geochemistry review – groundwater composition, graphical techniques, QC/QA, charge balance

5.      Aqueous geochemistry review – properties of water, concentration, activity, equilibrium, speciation, saturation index

6.      Aqueous geochemistry review – CO2 system

7.      Sorption, retardation, radioactive decay and examples

8.      Organics – nomenclature, composition, solubility, free phases

9.      Organics – NAPL’s, Henry’s Law, gas phases, absorption, Kow, Koc, KD

10. Partitioning - concepts and equations, applications, relation to retardation.

11. Mixtures - Raoult’s Law for gases and liquids.

12. ADE (non-conservative): retardation, decay, and biodegradation. 

13. 1-D, 2-D, 3D Solutions for the reactive ADE & applications, scale effects on dispersivity. 

14. PHREEQC with organics.

15. Moment Analysis:  Tracer tests to estimate velocity and retardation. Field estimation of dispersion.

16. Non-dimensional forms of ADE.  Non-linear and non-equilibrium, transport of reactive solutes porous media.  Examples.    

17. Impact of heterogeneities on solute movement. Field-scale non-equilibrium, nonlinear transport of reactive contaminants in heterogeneous media.

18. Fundamentals of biodegradation. 

19. Modeling biodegradation and natural attenuation: BIOSCREEN and BIOCHLOR.

20. Transport of radioactive contaminants. 

21. NAPLS and Multiphase flow – basics, capillary pressure and relative permeability.

22. NAPLs applications: source zone characterization; presence of NAPL, NAPL penetration calcs etc.

23. Partitioning tracer tests.

24. Remediation– pump & treat and capture zones, mass-removal calculations.

25. Gas flow and contaminant-vapor transport in the vadose zone, gas partitioning tracer tests.

26. Remediation – gas-phase permeability tests, SVE

27. Remediation – air sparging, funnel and gate, etc.  

28. Remediation  - chemically enhanced pump and treat.

29. Three guest lectures will be dispersed throughout the last  15 lectures.

 

Take Home Exams:  EXAM 1 (Feb 8) and EXAM 2 (approx March 9).

  EXAM 3 on last day of class.

 

No class on April 18.

 

 

Grading:

 

Three Exams – approx. 30% each, Cumulative Optional Final Exam (COFE) will replace any single exam, 20% of non-COFE exam questions will be taken directly from problem sets.

Lab (problem sets)- 10%, graded as yes or no (yes = 50% or better effort on problems)

Problem sets will be assigned approximately weekly.  Answers to the problem sets will be posted after the due date.

 

 

Recommended Reading List

Books

 

Fetter, 1993, Contaminant Hydrogeology. 458 p.

Bedient et al., 1999.  Ground Water Contamination, Transport and Remediation

Mackay, 1991, Multimedia environmental models-The fugacity approach. 257p.

Montgomery, 1991, Groundwater Chemicals Field Guide. 271p.

Stephens, 1996, Vadose Zone Hydrology, 346p.

Brusseau, M., Sabatini, D., Gierke, J. Annable, M. (eds.), Innovative Subsurface Remediation: Field Testing of Physical, Chemical, and Characterization Technologies, American Chemical Society, Washington D.C.

 

 

Articles

 

Annable, M.A., Rao, P.S.C., Hatfield, K., Graham, W., Wood, A.L., Enfield, C.G., 1998.  Partitioning tracers for measuring residual NAPL:  Field-scale test results, J. Environ. Engin., 124(6), 498-503.

 

Brusseau, M.L., 1992.  Rate-limited mass transfer and transport of organic solutes in porous media that contain immobile immiscible organic liquid.  Water Resour. Res., 28 (1): 33-45.

 

Brusseau, M.L., 1994.  Transport of reactive contaminants in heterogeneous porous media.  Reviews of Geophysics, 32(3), 285-313.

 

Brusseau, M.L., Srivastava, R., 1997.  Nonideal transport of reactive solutes in heterogeneous porous media: 2. Quantitative analysis of the Borden natural-gradient field experiment, J. Contam Hydrol., 28, 115-155.

 

Curtis, G.P., R.V. Roberts and M. Reinhard, 1986, A natural gradient experiment on solute transport in a sand aquifer 4.  Sorption of organic solutes and its influence on mobility.  Water Resources Research, 22, 2047-2058.

 

Freyberg, D. L., 1986, A natural gradient experiment on solute transport in a sand aquifer 2.  Spatial moments and the advection and dispersion of nonreactive tracers.  Water Resources Research, 22, 2031-2046.

 

Karickhhoff. S.W., 1981, Semi-empirical estimation of sorption of hydrophobic pollutants on natural sediments and soils.  Chemosphere, 10, 833-849.

 

MacKay, D.M., P.V. Roberts and J.A. Cherry, 1985, Transport of organic contaminants in groundwater.  Environ. Sci. Technol. 19, 385-392.

 

MacKay, D.M., D.L. Freyberg and P.V. Roberts, 1986, A natural gradient experiment on solute transport in a sand aquifer 1.  Approach and overview of plume movement.  Water Resources Research, 22, 2017-2029.

 

Mercer, J.W. and R.M. Cohen, 1990, A review of immiscible fluids in the subsurface: Properties, models, characterization and remediation.  J. Contam. Hydrology, 6, 107-163.

 

Roberts, P.V., M. N. Goltz and D.M. MacKay, 1986, A natural gradient experiment on solute transport in a sand aquifer 3.  Retardation estimates and mass balances for organic solutes.  Water Resources Research, 22, 2047-2058.

 

SVE and Other Remediation Technology Articles

 

Johnson, P.C., Stanley, C.C., Kemblowski, M., Byers, D.L., Colthart, J.D., 1990.  A practical approach to the design, operation, and monitoring of in situ soil-venting systems, Ground Water Monitoring Review, Spring Issue, 159-178

 

Falta, R.W., 1996.   A program for analyzing transient and steady-state soil-gas pump tests, Ground Water, 34(4), 750-755.

 

Falta, R.W., Lee, C.M., Brame, S. E., Roeder, E., Coates, J.T., Wright, C., Wood, A.L., Enfield, C.G., 1999.  Field test of high molecular weight alcohol flushing for subsurface nonaqueous phase liquid remediation, Water Resour. Res., 35(7), 2095-2108.

 

Fountain, J.C., 1997.  The role of field trials in development and feasibility assessment of surfactant-enhanced aquifer remediation, Water Environ. Res. 69 (2), 188-195. 

 

McCray, J.E. and Falta, R.W., 1997.  Numerical simulation of air sparging for remediation of NAPL contamination, Ground Water, 35(1): 99-110.

 

McCray, J.E. and Brusseau, M.L, 1998.  Cyclodextrin-enhanced in-situ flushing of multiple-component immiscible organic-liquid contamination at the field scale: Mass removal effectiveness, Environ. Sci. Technol., 32 (9): 1285-1293.

 

Sabatini, D.A., Knox, R.C., Harwell, J.H., Soerens, T., Chen, L., Brown, R.E. and West, C., 1997.  Design of a surfactant remediation field demonstration based on laboratory and modeling studies, Ground Water, 35 (6), 954-963.

 

Sims, J.L., R.C. Sims and J.E. Matthews, 1990, Approach to bioremediation of contaminated soil.  Hazardous Waste and Hazardous Materials, 7, 117-149.