LISS.398A TECHNOLOGY, ENVIRONMENT and HUMAN ADAPTATION:
PART II PRE-EUROPEAN
MESOAMERICA
FORMAT
1. SPECIFICATIONS.
Appropriate format for first and final drafts of papers is
described here. READ THIS MEMO AND THE PAPER ASSIGNMENT BEFORE
AND AFTER PRODUCING A DRAFT OF YOUR PAPER. Check to see that
your paper meets both the specifications of the paper assignement
and these format specifications.
2. PARTS.
Papers may contain the following parts in the
order listed. Those parts in '[ ]''s are optional. The
remainder are required.
Title Page
Executive Summary
Table of Contents
Body of Report
[Figures]
Bibliography
Appendices
3. TITLE PAGE.
The title page should contain the following,
centered on one page. The indication "DRAFT" should appear on
first drafts.
[DRAFT]
Title of Paper
Date
Author
Course Name
4. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.
The executive summary should primarily
describe the paper -- not the subject matter of the paper -- and
how the paper responds to the assignement. It should list the
conclusions of the paper in summary form, say how the fulfil the
specifications of the assignment, and sketch the arguments
presented to support the conclusions. This sketch should follow
the major section headings of the table of contents (See below.).
The executive summary should have the title "EXECUTIVE SUMMARY"
centered at the top of the first page. One page of summary for
every ten pages of text is a rough guide to length. No page
numbers are needed unless you have more than two pages. If you
need page numbers use lower case Roman numerals -- e. g.
ii,iii,iv, etc..
5. TABLE OF CONTENTS.
The table of contents should contain an
outline of the report down to the paragraph level. It should
contain page numbers. This format is exemplified by the
following. Your section and paragraph titles of course depend on
your subject matter.
***
TABLE OF CONTENTS
I. INTRODUCTION..............................................1
I.0 Overview.(purpose/objectives).......................1
I.1 History.............................................1
I.1.0 Overview ...................................1
I.1.1 Before 1910.................................1
I.1.2 1910 - 1980.................................2
I.1.3 1980 - Present..............................3
I.2 The Problem ........................................4
I.2.0 Overview....................................4
I.2.1 Technical Aspects...........................4
I.2.1.0 Overview............................4
I.2.1.1 Hardware............................5
I.2.1.1 Software............................5
I.2.2 Political Aspects...........................6
I.3 Methods.............................................7
I.3.0 Overview....................................7
.
.
.
II. PART ONE................................................??
.
.
.
III. PART TWO...............................................??
.
??. IMPLEMENTATION PLAN....................................??
??. CONCLUSION.............................................??
FIGURES.......................................................??
Figure 1 Map of Denver Metropolitan Area................??
Figure 2 Denver Water Usage 1910 - 1980.................??
.
.
.
BIBLIOGRAPHY..................................................??
***
6. TOP-DOWN ORGANIZATION.
The above table of contents exhibits
what is often called `top-down organization'. This means that
the reader is first given the main conclusions and the structure
of the argument for them. Then each part of the argument is
explained in more detail. The explanation of each part follows
the same pattern. First break the topic into parts showing how
they are related; then describe each of the parts in more detail.
This requires that each unit of the report have the same
organizational structure. This structure is the following.
overview
sub-section 1
sub-section 2
.............
.............
.............
sub-section last
In each section, "overview" contains a summary of the section
that tells what each sub-section is doing. For example, the
overview section of the introduction should provide a summary
description of your problem and method of approach -- the
objectives for your project. Each sub_section replicates this
structure. For the report as a whole, the "executive summary"
plays the role of the "overview" section. For the smallest units
-- paragraphs -- the first sentence, the topic sentence, plays
the role of "overview". You need not always title the "overview"
sections 'overview', but there should always be a section that
plays the role of "overview". Sometimes you will need to use
short -- even one-sentence -- paragraphs to implement this
structure. This is OK.
7. BODY.
The body of the paper should follow the outline in
the table of contents. Each section, sub-section and paragraph
should be numbered and titled as in the table
of contents. A typical paragraph should look like this.
I.1.2 1910 - 1980. During the period between 1910 and 1980 water
usage in the Denver Metropolitan Area was characterized by steady
growth,.......
Remember, each paragraph should deal with exactly
one topic
indicated in its title and described more fully in its topic
sentence. References to figures should appear in the text as
"(See Figure ??, p. ??)". References to the bibliography should
appear in the text as "([??],p.???)" where '[??]' is the number
of the relevant item in the bibliography and 'p.???' refers to
the relevant page(s) in the item. (See 10. below.)
8. FIGURES.
This section should include all graphics referred
to in the body of the report. Each figure should be on a
separate page, titled and labeled with a figure number. Graphics
in the final draft, produced by the authors should be of
professional quality. Graphics produced on computer graphics
system are acceptable. Hand produced graphics are acceptable
only if produced with drawing and lettering instruments in ink.
Free hand sketches are acceptable in first drafts. Graphics
reproduced from reference sources must have the source indicated
as follows:
a) If reproduced without modification;
Figure ##
TITLE
From [##], p. ##.
b) If modified by author;
Figure ##
TITLE
After [##], p. ##.
See 9) and 10) below for explanation of '[ ]'.
9. BIBLIOGRAPHY.
This section should contain a list of all
sources of sources you found relevant to your topic together with
a short paragraph describing the content of each. The
description of the item should say how the item is relevant to
the questions you were asked to put to the literature. The
description should be in the form of a short paragraph using
complete sentences. Use the following format.
***
BIBLIOGRAPHY
- [1] Able, Alfred, BOOK TITLE. publisher, city, state, date.
- This book is about architecture at Chaco Canyon, NM. It
focus mainly on .... It discusses the social function of large
buildings ....
- [2] Baker, Bob, "Article Title". JOURNAL TITLE.
volnum(numnum):firstpagenum-lastpagenum (19??).
- This article deals with... .ATDT279-0550
***
10. CITATIONS.
Citations to the bibliography must have the
following form.
text...text. ([##], pp. ##-##) Text....
A good rule of thumb for "density" of citations is this. Provide
at least one citation for each (numbered) paragraph. One
citation will suffice if all the material in the paragraph was
derived from a single source. If the material in the paragraph
was derived from more than one source, a citation for each source
is needed. Try to match up citations with material in the
paragraph by putting the citations after the sentences containing
material which depends on the source cited. If this is not
possible, put all the citations at the end of the paragraph, as
follows:
text......text. ([##], pp. ##-##, [##], pp. ##-##)
11. APPENDICIES.
Include photocopies of articles you consulted
as appendicies.
12. SPECIFICATIONS FOR FIRST DRAFTS.
First drafts
should be as complete as the state of your work permits.
However, they must contain the following parts.
Title Page
Executive Summary
Table of Contents
These parts should be just as you believe they will be in the
final draft. You can always change your mind.
Body of Report
This should follow the Table of Contents in the form described
above. Sections or paragraphs that have not yet been completed
should be described briefly with an indication how, when and by
whom the work will be completed.
Bibliography
This should contain all the material you have consulted up to
this point. If you can, include citations in the text.
FIRST DRAFTS COUNT 10% OF YOUR FINAL GRADE. Those failing to
conform to these specifications will recieve ZERO CREDIT for
this requirement. Those conforming will be evaluated for
organization and evidence of thoughtful analysis in process.
Colorado School of Mines
Division of Liberal Arts and International Studies
Dr. Joseph D. Sneed
jsneed@mines.edu
