The following selected listing of dissertations related to wire rope, ropeways, etc., include abstracts when available.  Order of the titles is ascending by year published. Not all records are in English.  This is not an all-inclusive list.  Any omissions are accidental. To notify us of an addition, call (303) 273-3690. 

Copies of dissertations can generally be obtained through your local Interlibrary Loan office.  Specially marked titles can be obtained from Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule (ETH), which supplied the relevant dissertation information found here.

Title: ACCELERATION STRESSES IN A HEAVY WIRE ROPE
Author: VEHSE, CHARLES HENRY
Degree Obtained: PH.D.
Year Published: 1932
Degree-granting Institution: BROWN UNIVERSITY

Title: Die Befestigung von Drahtseilen durch aufgezogene Stahlhülsen
Author: Beck, J.
Year Published: 1940
Number of Pages: 129
Degree-granting Institution: Technische Hochschule (Germany)
Abstract:  Die Dauerschwellzugversuche mit Ziehhülsenkupplungen ergaben ein ausgezeichnetes Verhalten der Ziehhülsenkupplungen gegenüber Vergusskupplungen. Der Seilbruch trat auf freier Seilstrecke ausserhalb der Befestigungen ein. (Available from ETH)

Title: Dauerprüfung von Seildrähten
Author: Pfister, H.R.
Year Published: 1964
Number of Pages: 84
Degree-granting Institution: TH Stuttgart (Germany)
Abstract:  Die bisherigen Ergebnisse der Drahtdauerprüfung können wie folgt zusammengefasst werden: 1. Die ruhende Zugspannung ist im technisch interessierenden Bereich praktisch ohne Einfluss auf die Drahtlebensdauer. - 2. Die wechselnde Biegespannung ist von grösserem Einfluss. - 3. Die Querpressung. die rechnerisch nicht zu erfassen ist, beeinflusst die Drahtlebensdauer am entschiedensten. (Available from ETH)

Title: Dauerbiegefestigkeit von Drahtseilen - Bau einer Prüfanlage für kleine Ablenkwinkel
Author: Oplatka, G.
Year Published: 1965
Number of Pages: 66
Degree-granting Institution: Institut für Maschinen im Bau- und Transportwesen (Zurich)
Abstract:  Die Arbeit befasst sich mit der Dauerbiegefestigkeit von Drahtseilen bei kleinen Ablenkwinkeln, wie sie insbesondere bei Tragseilen von Luftseilbahnen, aber oft auch bei Zug- und Förderseilen aller Art auftreten. Zum Zweck der wissenschaftlichen Untersuchung dieser Frage wurde eine Prüfanlage entworfen, konstruiert und in Betrieb genommen. (Available from ETH)

Title: ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF WIRE ROPE IN SEA WATER
Author: KRAMER, HERBERT J.
Degree Obtained: PH.D.
Year Published: 1971
Number of Pages: 77
Degree-granting Institution: THE CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF AMERICA

Title: Ein Verfahren zur Berechnung ein- und mehrlagig bewickelter Seiltrommeln
Author: Dietz, P.
Year Published: 1971
Number of Pages: 107
Degree-granting Institution: Fakultät für Maschinenbau der TH Darmstadt (Germany)
Abstract:  Die Arbeit gibt eine Methode zur Festigkeitsberechnung ein- und mehrlagig bewickelter Seiltrommeln. Nach der Entwicklung eines Rechenverfahrens zur Berechnung der Trommeln als biegeelastische Kreiszylinderschalen mit Hilfe der Methode linearer Übertragungsmatrizen wird das elastische Zusammenspiel von Seil und Trommel und die sich daraus ergebenden Entlastungen der Windungen (einlagige Trommeln) und der Lagen (mehrlagige Trommeln) erläutert. Die Beanspruchung der Endscheiben wird mit Hilfe mehrerer Ansätze theoretisch untersucht. Zur Überprüfung der Theorien und zur Ermittlung der Querelastizität von Seilen werden Versuche an einem Simulationsprüfstand und an einem praxisnahen Trommelprüfstand beschrieben. Diese Versuche bestätigen die aufgestellten Theorien. In einem abschliessenden Kapitel werden die Ergebnisse einer grossen Zahl von Rechnungen in ihren allgemeinen Tendenzen dargestellt und die Dimensionierung von Seiltrommeln an einem einfachen Beispiel erläutern. (Available from ETH)

Title: AXIAL FATIGUE OF WIRE ROPE IN SEA WATER
Author: MATANZO, FRANCISCO, JR.
Degree Obtained: D.ENG.
Year Published: 1972
Number of Pages: 72
Degree-granting Institution: THE CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF AMERICA

Title: Untersuchungen an Aufzugstreibscheiben mit Sitzrillen unter Verwendung von Drahtseilen verschiedener Litzenzahl
Author: Recknagel, G.
Year Published: 1972
Number of Pages: 105
Degree-granting Institution: Fakultät für Maschinenbau der Universität (Germany)
Abstract:  1. Einleitungen - 2. Seilgeometrische Betrachtungen - 3. Experimentelle Untersuchungen - 4. Schlussbetrachtungen. (Available from ETH)

Title: Entwicklung eines Dauerprüfverfahrens zur Ermittlung der Verwendbarkeit von Seildraht
Author: Lutz, D.
Year Published: 1972
Number of Pages: 130
Degree-granting Institution: ITH Aachen (Germany)
Abstract:  Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurde ein Dauerprüfverfahren zur Ermittlung der Verwendbarkeit von Seildraht entwickelt. Der Mangel an Berechnungsgrundlagen erfordert die Durchführung von Dauerprüfungen, da für die Bruchsicherheit eines Seiles im Dauerbetrieb nicht die statische, sondern die dynamische Beanspruchung massgebend ist. Untersuchungen zur Ermittlung des Einflusses der Hauptparameter bei der Seildrahtherstellung auf die Lebensdauer erscheinen auf Grund der Ergebnisse der durchgeführten Untersuchungen dringend erforderlich. (Available from ETH)

Title: Zum dynamischen Verhalten von Förderbandanlagen beim Anfahren und Stillsetzen unter Berücksichtigung der Bewegungswiderstände
Author: Funke, H.
Year Published: 1973
Degree-granting Institution: Fakultät für Maschinenwesen der TU (Germany)
Abstract:  Experimentelle Untersuchungen an einer Versuchsbandanlage sowie die Nachrechnung der Anlaufverhältnisse einer betriebsmässig untersuchten Langstreckenbandanlage mit Kopf-, Mittel- und Heck- antrieb ergaben eine gute Übereinstimmung mit den nach dem Wanderwellenverfahren erhaltenen Ergebnisse. (Available from ETH)

Title: Die elektromagnetische Prüfung von Drahtseilen
Author: Meyer, U.B.
Year Published: 1974
Number of Pages: 178
Degree-granting Institution: Institut für Bau- und Transportmaschinen (Zurich)
Abstract:  Drahtseile von Seilbahnen haben normalerweise eine Lebensdauer von wenigen Jahren oder Jahrzehnten. Da die Seile mit einer drei- bis fünffachen Zerreiss-Sicherheit ausgelegt sind, besteht gute Aussicht, die Rissgefahr rechtzeitig erkennen zu können, wenn geeignete Drahtbruchdetektoren und Messgeräte zur Verfügung stehen. In der vorliegender Arbeit wird über die Entwicklung von zwei Messgeräten berichtet. Bei dem ersten handelt es sich um ein Querschnittsbestimmungsgerät, das entsprechend dem Messprinzip als Aufmagnetisierungsgerät bezeichnet werden kann und mit dem der mittlere Effektivquerschnitt im Messbereich bestimmt werden kann. Als zweites Messgerät wurde ein neuartiges Streuflussmessgerät entwickelt, das gegenüber den heute in Gebrauch stehenden Instrumenten einige wesentliche Vorteile aufweist. (Available from ETH)

Title: A THEORETICAL ANALYSIS OF THE DYNAMIC RESPONSE OF CONSTRUCTION CABLEWAY SYSTEMS
Author: TU, KUEN-CHUN
Degree Obtained: PH.D.
Year Published: 1974
Number of Pages: 204
Degree-granting Institution: UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO AT BOULDER

Title: COMPARATIVE AXIAL FATIGUE STUDIES OF CORRODED WIRE ROPE SPECIMENS
Author: METCALF, JOHN TRUMBULL, JR.
Degree Obtained: D.ENG.
Year Published: 1974
Number of Pages: 181
Degree-granting Institution: THE CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF AMERICA

Title: Die Haftung des Seilbahnunternehmers
Author: Schrödl, F.J.
Year Published: 1974
Number of Pages: 145
Degree-granting Institution: Hohe Juristische Fakultät der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (Germany)
Abstract:  1. Die Haftung beim Seilbahnbetrieb - 2. Die Haftung für Skipisten - 3. Möglichkeiten einer Neuregelung (Available from ETH)

Title: Die Bestimmung der Zusatzspannungen bei der Biegung von Drahtseilen und ihr Einfluss auf die Seillebensdauer
Author: Leider, M.G.
Year Published: 1975
Degree-granting Institution: Fakultät für Maschinenbau der Universität Karlsruhe (Germany)
Abstract:  Parallel zu den Berechnungen werden Dauerbiegeversuche an Einzeldrähten und Seilen durchgeführt, deren Auswertung die theoretisch erarbeiteten Ergebnisse bestätigt. (Available from ETH)

Title: Pressung von Seildraht unter statischer und dynamischer Beanspruchung
Author: Pantucek, P.
Year Published: 1977
Number of Pages: 140
Degree-granting Institution: Fakultät für Maschinenbau der Universität Karlsruhe (Germany)
Abstract:  Zur Klärung des Einflusses einer Querpressung bei gleichzeitiger Zugschwellbeanspruchung auf Lebensdauer und Bruchausbildung von Stahldrähten hoher Festigkeit wurden Dauerschwingversuche an Seildraht 1,1x1765 DIN 2078 durchgeführt. Hierbei konnte zwischen Rechnung und Experiment eine Übereinstimmung im Rahmen der Messgenauigkeit erreicht werden. (Available from ETH)

Title: Modellbildung und Simulation der Fahrdynamik von Pendel-Seilbahnen
Author: Steinbrunn, J.
Year Published: 1978
Number of Pages: 203
Degree-granting Institution: Fachbereich der Ingenieurwissenschaften der Universität (Germany)
Abstract:  1. Einleitung - 2. Problemstellung - 3. Literaturübersicht - 4. Modellbildung - 5. Anwendung der Modellgleichungen auf das Gesamtsystem der Seilbahn - 6. Anfangswerte - 7. Simulation der Modellgleichungen auf einer digitalen Rechenanlage - 8. Rechenprogramme - 9. Simulationsbeispiele - 10. Aenlichkeitstransformation. (Available from ETH)

Title: Der zeitliche Verlauf der Restspannkraft bei Seilschwebebahnen nach einem Zugseilriss
Author: Petri, P.
Year Published: 1978
Number of Pages: 89
Degree-granting Institution: TU Wien (Austria)
Abstract:  1. Aufgabenstellung - 2. Riss des Zugseiles einer Personenpendelseilschwebebahn - 3. Dehnungsmessungen an einem Seil - 4. Theorie des elastischen Fadens - 5. Anwendung im Seilbahnwesen (Available from ETH)

Title: Noise Control in Tubular Wire Stranding Machinery
Author: Yerges, James Frederick
Year Published: 1980
Number of Pages: 233
Degree-granting Institution: The University of Wisconsin - Madison
Abstract:  This thesis is an investigation of noise control options in tubular wire stranding operations. A primary target noise level of 90 dBA, and a secondary target noise level of 85 dBA are identified, based on government regulations, current Worker's Compensation trends, and labor union activities.

An examination of rope mills and the sound fields around stranding machinery demonstrates that several conventional noise control techniques are applicable. These techniques include area absorption, barrier screens, and partial and complete enclosures. These techniques are reviewed, and their limitations enumerated.

The individual noise generation mechanisms in a small stranding machine are identified and isolated. These sources include rolling contact between the tubular rotor and the hard micarta support rolls, rotating unbalance and machining errors, and the bending stiffness asymmetry of the rotor, attributable to the regular arrays of loading ports. The vibration of cradle and bobbin assemblies, port windage, base frame vibration, and roller bearing noise also contribute. Each of these sources are briefly examined.

The basic rolling contact noise frequency spectral content is explained by a Fourier expansion of the pulse train based on Hertzian contact between cylinders. The relationship between frequency content and contact nip width is explored, and the use of compliant, elastomer-covered support rolls is motivated. Theoretical and experimental results are presented in the form of a design guide, to aid in the design of polyurethane-covered aluminum support rolls suitable for typical strander speeds and loads. Roll strength, surface temperature, power consumption, allowable internal temperature, and vibratory stability data are presented.

Elastomer bushing elements for cradle and bobbin assembly noise control are presented. Bushing design concepts, strength, and vibratory stability are reviewed.

A six-inch seven-bobbin strander was modified in the laboratory. In the as-received condition, the strander operated at approximately 100 dBA. After the addition of polyurethane-covered aluminum support rolls and cradle and bobbin bushings, the machine operated at approximately 80 dBA.

Preventive maintenance techniques are reviewed. These include rotor balancing and in-place grinding, and roll maintenance, installation, and alignment.

Available cost data is reviewed, and prototype field installation designs are presented.

Title: STATIC AND DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF AXIALLY LOADED WIRE ROPES
Author: BUTSON, GARY JAMES
Degree Obtained: PH.D.
Year Published: 1981
Number of Pages: 107
Degree-granting Institution: UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN
Abstract: The object of this study is to investigate the static and dynamic behavior of axially loaded wire rope. The longitudinal, torsional, and transverse displacements are determined for a rope which is initially straight in the reference configuration and loaded by an axial force and twisting moment. The static response of wire rope is analyzed using a recently developed technique in which the individual wires in a rope are examined.

The effect of friction between adjacent wires on the nonlinear response is determined for the simplest wire rope geometry. Constitutive relations which follow from the static analysis for frictionless rope are used to study ropes loaded by their own weight and to study the dynamic response of wire ropes.

The dynamic behavior of wire rope is analyzed for small displacements about the static equilibrium position. It is shown that the longitudinal and torsional displacements are coupled to each other but not to the transverse displacements. It is further shown that transverse displacement in one plane is coupled to transverse displacement in the perpendicular plane.

Solutions for some initial value problems for suspended wire ropes are determined by means of a Laplace transform with a numerical inversion technique. Solutions for the natural modes of vibration of taut rope are found by an eigenvalue approach.

Title: ANALYSIS OF WIRE ROPES WITH COMPLEX CROSS SECTIONS
Author: VELINSKY, STEVEN ALAN
Degree Obtained: PH.D.
Year Published: 1981
Number of Pages: 95
Degree-granting Institution: UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN
Abstract: A theory is developed which is capable of analyzing the static response of wire ropes with complex cross sections. The basis of this theory is the linearization of the solution to the non-linear equations of equilibrium taken from recent work in which the individual wires in the rope are examined. The linearization permits a considerable simplification in the theory enabling its application to wire ropes with other configurations. In addition, Poisson's ratio effects are incorporated in the analysis.

Detailed results, including expressions for the stresses in the individual strands as well as the maximum tensile stress in the rope, are presented for two wire rope configurations; an independent-wire-rope-core wire rope and a fiber-core wire rope, both having strands with 6 x 19 Seale construction. A load deformation curve of the independent-wire-rope-core wire rope is obtained experimentally and the results are compared to the theory.

Title: Untersuchungen zur Verbesserung der Förderseilqualität mit Hilfe eines dynamischen kontinuierlichen Reckverhaltens unter Zugrundelegung eines dafür entwickelten mathematischen Seillängungsmodells
Author: Schulz, G.
Year Published: 1981
Number of Pages: 170
Degree-granting Institution: Institut für Fördertechnik und Werkstoffkunde der TU Berlin (Germany)
Abstract:  1. Einleitung - 2. Formulierung der Aufgaben - 3. Theoretische Grundlagen - 4. Messtechnische Erfassung und Verarbeitung relevanter Reckkenngrössen - 5. Herleitung eines mathematischen Seillängungsmodells zur Modifikation der Antriebsregelung der Seilreckanlage - 6. Entwurf zur rechnerunterstützten Verbesserung der mehrschleifigen Antriebsregelung der Seilreckanlage - 7. Experimentelle Untersuchung des Förderseilverhaltens zur Ermittlung geeigneter Reckparameter - 8. Angaben zur Auswahl geeigneter Reckparameter und Ausblick. --- Die Arbeit ist der 1. Teil des Forschungsvorhabens ET 2048 A (Forschungszeitraum: 1979-1981): Entwicklung eines Verfahrens zur Beeinflussung des Dehnverhaltens von Schachtförderseilen durch Vorrecken vor dem Auflegen und der Inbetriebnahme. (Available from ETH)

Title: Die Treibfähigkeit von gehärteten Treibscheiben mit Keilrillen
Author: Molkow, M.
Year Published: 1982
Number of Pages: 109
Degree-granting Institution: Universität Stuttgart (Germany)
Abstract: Die Keilrille erweist sich als besonders gut geeignet, den Schlupfvorgang an Treibscheiben zu untersuchen, der bei anderen Rillenformen teilweise nur schwach ausgeprägt auftritt. So konnten die verschiedenen Schlupfarten, die Unterschiede zwischen treibender und getriebener Treibscheibe und die Kräfte auf die Rillenflanke gemessen und anschaulich dargestellt werden... Die mit verschiedenen Seilen, Scheibendurchmesser, Rillenformen und Schmierzuständen durchgeführten Schlupfmessungen dienen auch zur Beurteilung der Treibfähigkeit. Sie ergeben einheitlich einen allmählichen Übergang vom gleitschlupflosen Betrieb zum Gebiet grossen Schlupfes.... Die Versuchsergebnisse zeigen, dass die Euler-Eytelweinsche Gleichung den wirklichen Kraftverlauf auf dem Umschlingungsbogen einer Treibscheibe wegen der Auswirkungen der Seil-Biegesteifigkeit, der radialen Flankenreibung sowie der pressungs- und gleitgeschwindigkeitsabhängigen Reibungszahl nur näherungsweise beschreibt.... (Available from ETH)

Title: Rechenmodell zur Simulation räumlicher Bewegungszustände der Gondel von Grosskabinen-Seilschwebebahnen beim Durchfahren eines Seilfeldes
Author: Hagen, G.
Year Published: 1982
Degree-granting Institution: Fakultät für Maschinenwesen der TU München (Germany)
Abstract: Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, für dieses Schwingungssystem ein geeignetes Ersatzsystem zu entwickeln und die zu diesem Modell gehörenden Bewegungsgleichungen aufzustellen. (Available from ETH)

Title: Die Zugkraftverteilung in schwingend beanspruchten geraden Drahtseilen
Author: Andorfer, K.
Year Published: 1983
Degree-granting Institution: TU Graz (Graz)
Abstract: In der Arbeit wurde versucht, die Kraftverteilung aufgrund der Reibungswiderstände für doppelt verseilte Drähte abzuleiten. (Available from ETH)

Title: EFFECTIVE LENGTH OF FRACTURED WIRES AND A FATIGUE ANALYSIS OF WIRE ROPE
Author: CHIEN, CHI-HUI
Degree Obtained: PH.D.
Year Published: 1984
Number of Pages: 114
Degree-granting Institution: UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN
Abstract: This work is initially concerned with a determination of the contact loads and stresses between the wires in a wire rope under axial loading. The rope is regarded as a collection of smooth helical rods. The determination of the contact stresses between wires is based on the solution of Hertz's contact problem. The results are applied to a simple strand and a wire rope with a complex cross section. The effects of the variation of geometrical data of the simple strand on the contact loads between the wires are also studied.

The contact loads between wires are then used to determine the effective length of a broken wire in a rope, measured from the fractured end of the wire, in which the wire will be able to carry its appropriate share of the load. The estimate of this effective length is based on the contact loads between the wires, Coulomb-type friction, and an invocation of Saint Venant's principle. Again, a simple strand and a wire rope with a complex cross section are used as the examples for the purpose of illustration.

The final portion of this work is concerned with the testing of rope. A dimensional analysis is made of the various parameters associated with bend-over-sheave testing. A dimensionless parameter is introduced for the purpose of describing the size effect. Finally, a theory is presented from which large-diameter test results can be determined from small scale tests. 

Title: EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF STEEL CABLES FOR ROCK REINFORCEMENT IN HARD ROCK
Author: STILLBORG, BENGT LENNART
Degree Obtained: PH.D.
Year Published: 1984
Number of Pages: 127
Degree-granting Institution: HOGSKOLAN I LULEA (SWEDEN)
Abstract: This thesis describes an investigation of the mechanical behaviour of fully grouted steel cables used for rock reinforcement in hard rock. An attempt is also made to explain the possible modes of deformation and cable failure. The behaviour is investigated using pull-out and shear tests.

Two mechanically quite different cables, a steel wire rope and a steel strand, were tested in the experiments. The cable, types and design are specified in detail, and results from mechanical tests are presented. A cement based grout was used as grouting agent for the cables. Through extensive tests of compressive and tensile strengths, different properties of grout with and without additives are defined.

Laboratory scale pull-out tests on cables with short and long embedded lengths were conducted. The effect of the embedded length, cable surface properties, curing conditions and grouts with and without additives on the mechanical behaviour of the grouted cables are given. It is shown that the cable surface properties, the curing conditions as well as type of grout significantly effect the pull-out behaviour of the cable. It is concluded that pull-out tests should (unless they are conducted for purposes of comparison) be conducted under in-situ conditions where the results will be applied later. Shear tests on the steel wire rope were unsuccessful because the rock blocks, inside which the rope was grouted, failed.

Failure of cable reinforcement in hard rock is discussed. Here, it is reasonable to assume that cable failure will be a more important factor than failure of the rock, grout or intermediate bonds. An in-situ test procedure for cables in hard rock conditions is proposed. However, it is concluded from the pull-out tests that the complete pull-out curve always should be considered, in the interpretation of the pull-out test results. Results of in-situ pull-out tests show that blast induced dynamic loading before pull-out can have a significant effect on the pull-out behaviour of the cable. Borehole/cable diameter ratios were found to have an insignificant effect on the pull-out behaviour of the cable.  

Title: Förderseilschwingungen von Einseil-Umlaufbahnen
Author: Vcelar, H.
Year Published: 1985
Number of Pages: 80
Degree-granting Institution: Fakultät für Bauingenieurwesen an der TU (Austria)
Abstract: Änderung der Seilspannkräfte verkleinern den Wert der Zugsicherheit des Seiles. Mit Hilfe eines einfeldigen statischen Rechenmodells werden abweichend zu bisherigen Betrachtungen auch nichtaffine Seilschwingungsformen berücksichtigt. (Available from ETH)

Title: Dynamische Vorgänge bei der mechanischen und thermischen - Kurzschlussbeanspruchung von Starkstromanlagen mit Leitungsseilen
Author: Waeber, M
Year Published: 1985
Number of Pages: 135
Degree-granting Institution: Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (Germany)
Abstract: Zur Bestimmung der mechanischen Kurzschlussbeanspruchung von Leitungsseilanordnungen in Starkstromanlagen werden zwei vereinfachte Berechnungsmethoden entwickelt, die beide auf dem Pendelmodell beruhen. (Available from ETH)

Title: Förderseilsicherheit bei Personenumlaufbahnen
Author: Sedivy, P
Year Published: 1986
Number of Pages: 138
Degree-granting Institution: TU Wien - Fakultät für Bauingenieurwesen (Austria)
Abstract: Wesentliche Aenderungen der Bahnen neuerer Bauart haben die Frage nach der Sicherheit der Seile aktuell werden lassen. Der nicht unerhebliche Einfluss der dynamischen Kräfte wurde in die erstellten Bemmessungsempfehlungen aufgenommen. (Available from ETH)

Title: Staalkabels Geometrie en Levensduur
Author: Wiek, L.
Year Published: 1986
Number of Pages: 138
Degree-granting Institution: TU Delft (Netherlands)
Abstract: In the case of forced bending, the rope endurance can not be derived from the fatigue strength of the wires, but it only can be described on the base of endurance tests on wire ropes. (Available from ETH)

Title: Spannungen in laufenden Drahtseilen
Author: Schiffner, G.
Year Published: 1986
Number of Pages: 173
Degree-granting Institution: Universität Stuttgart (Stuttgart)
Abstract: Aus der Zugbelastung des geraden Seiles entsteht neben der Zugspannung eine Biegespannung. Diese bisher nicht berücksichtigte Biegespannung kann auf einen wesentlichen Teil der Nennzugspannung anwachsen. Die Torsionsspannungen aus der Seilbezugbelastung, aus der Seilbiegung und aus der Ovalisierung des Seilquerschnittes sind vernachlässigbar klein. Mit einem neu entwickelten Näherungsverfahren wird der Verlauf der sekundären Zugspannung in der Aussendrähten von Rundlitzenseilen berechnet. (Available from ETH)

Title: BENDING OF AN AXIALLY LOADED STRAND WITH FRICTION AND THE MECHANICS OF WIRE ROPE REINFORCED CYLINDERS
Author: LECLAIR, RAYMOND A.
Degree Obtained: PH.D.
Year Published: 1986
Number of Pages: 55
Degree-granting Institution: UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN
Abstract: A theory is presented which will predict the stresses in a single lay strand subjected to axial, bending, and torsional loads when friction is present. Similar to the solution for the axial loading of a strand, the curvatures and twist of the wires in bending are estimated and the loads required for equilibrium are obtained by solving the six nonlinear, differential equations of equilibrium of a thin wire. The stresses due to bending are then superimposed on the stresses in the wires due to the axial loading.

In addition, a solution for the stresses in a cylinder reinforced with a wire rope is presented. The case of a uniform stress applied to the ends of the cylinder is of particular interest. The displacements corresponding to no end rotation are approximated using the principle of minimum potential energy. It must be understood a torque is present to restrain the ends from rotating. A strength of materials approach, in which plane sections remain plane, is taken to determine the stresses produced by releasing this torque, allowing the ends to rotate. This leads to the unexpected conclusion that the bond shearing stresses approach infinity at the ends. 

Title: Seilbedingte Einflüsse auf die Lebensdauer laufender Drahtseile
Author: Wolf, E.
Year Published: 1987
Number of Pages: 176
Degree-granting Institution: Universität Stuttgart (Stuttgart)
Abstract: Die Lebensdauer von Drahtseilen im Betrieb streut unter gleichen Einsatzbedingungen sehr stark. Diese Streuung wird vor allem durch das Seil selbst verursacht.  (Available from ETH)

Title: Die Lebensdauer von Aufzugseilen und Treibscheiben im praktischen Betrieb
Author: Holeschak, W.
Year Published: 1987
Number of Pages: 170
Degree-granting Institution: Universität Stuttgart (Stuttgart)
Abstract: Eine systematische Stichprobe mit abgelegten und aufliegenden Seilen und abgelegten Treibscheiben sowie eine Stichprobe aufs Geratewohl mit abgelegten Elementen liefern die Daten für die Untersuchung. Es wird ein Verfahren abgeleitet, mit dem noch in Betrieb befindliche Elemente einer Stichprobe bei der Auswertung der Lebensdauer berücksichtigt werden können. Für 8litzige Warrington-Seile werden die Ablegebiegewechselzahlen auf Treibscheiben beim Aufzug ermittelt.  (Available from ETH)

Title: The Nondestructive Testing of Wire Ropes by Acoustic Emission
Author: Holford, Karen M.
Year Published: 1987
Number of Pages: 333
Degree-granting Institution: University of Wales
Abstract: The purpose of this investigation was to examine acoustic emission techniques with respect to the detection and analysis of wire breaks in wire ropes and to develop equipment suitable for the detection of wire breaks in practical situations.

It has been found that wire breaks can easily be detected and discriminated from background noise in both rising load and fatigue conditions.

Linear source location techniques have allowed accurate detection of the positions of wire breaks in ropes of various diameters under fatigue testing conditions, although the presence of multiple breaks hinders detection of all the breaks. Wire breaks have been detected at distances of up to 48m, using a standard acoustic emission system.

An attenuation equation is proposed, which allows the calculation of an attenuation constant for any rope and thus allows the amplitude at any distance from the source to be predicted.

Signal characterisation has been achieved using the parameters of amplitude, duration, rise-time, dominant frequency and energy content of the signal.

The acoustic energy released during a fracture process has been found to be proportional to both the mechanical energy released and the stored strain energy. For the fracture of a single wire the acoustic energy released is found to relate simply to the applied load and the diameter of the wire.

A wire break detector was designed and developed as a result of this investigation. It is considered to be suitable for use in practical situations. A new transducer was tested, the frequency range of which was found to closely match that of signals generated by wire breaks. It is predicted that the use of such a transducer, in conjunction with the wire break detector, will allow detection of wire breaks at distances of up to 200m.

Title: STRESSES IN WINCH BARRELS WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO MULTILAYERING
Author: KARBALAI, D.
Degree Obtained: PH.D.
Year Published: 1988
Number of Pages: 208
Degree-granting Institution: COUNCIL FOR NATIONAL ACADEMIC AWARDS (UNITED KINGDOM)
Abstract: The mechanics of drum external loading has been examined with particular reference to multi-layered rope systems. Early assertions that, beyond five layers, little change in external load occurs are qualified in the light of more recent investigations. Rope lateral elasticity is identified as being a major contributor to drum load relaxation.

A conventional winch drum and a modified drum have been manufactured for the purpose of experimental assessment. The high stress concentration inherent in the conventional design, between flange and barrel, has been eliminated by removing the restraint at the flange root.

The two drum shells were designed using rope relaxation procedures, parameters being found by experiment. Of these the main parameter is considered to be rope lateral elasticity.

Experiments have been performed which show that the modulus of lateral elasticity of wire rope is significantly less than the longitudinal elasticity. Furthermore, it is considerably less than the drum's Young's modulus. Consequently, when a rope is wound onto a winch drum, it is much more compliant in the direction of the drum's diameter than the drum itself.

A further series of experiments tests quantitatively the assertion that considerable saving in manufacturing costs can be made by taking proper account of rope load relaxation. A rig, utilising a heavy duty lathe, drives the two drums on the same mandrel the rope from one transferring to the other via a dead load system.

The problem has been analysed by classical mechanics, treating the drum as a free shell. Solutions give good predictions. However, in order to take account of external constraints e.g. flanges, welds and supports, (as well as the rope relaxation) a finite element analysis has been developed using a temperature loading technique. 

Title: ACCEPTANCE EVALUATION MODEL FOR A NEW TRANSIT TECHNOLOGY--A CASE STUDY OF AERIAL CABLE TRANSIT
Author: BONDADA, MURTHY VEER ANJANEYA
Degree Obtained: PH.D.
Year Published: 1989
Number of Pages: 246
Degree-granting Institution:  WEST VIRGINIA UNIVERSITY
Advisor: Chairperson: EDWARD S. NEUMANN
Abstract: In transit technology evaluation models, presently being used, no provisions have been made for perceptions. An Acceptance Evaluation Model for a New Transit Technology, which objectively considers all technologies, has been developed. The case study applies the eight-step methodological model to evaluate the acceptance of aerial cable technology (aerial cable tramways and gondolas) compared to bus, van, self-propelled and cable-propelled people movers, and Personal Rapid Transit (PRT) for urban applications. Two urban scenarios were considered for application of Aerial Cable Technology (ACT)--as a Downtown Connector to parking facilities and in a Regional Center interconnecting developments.

The acceptance of the ACT has been evaluated based on the perceptions of transportation professionals toward the seven technologies in terms of 8 physical and 28 subjective attributes. Questionnaires were sent to 120 professionals and 58 were returned.

Acceptance and Awareness Indexes have been computed for the seven technologies from the perceptions of physical attributes. The responses to the 28 subjective attributes have been used in Principal Components Analysis to identify two representative dimensions for the 28 subjective attributes. Based on the factor loadings, the two dimensions have been labeled as 'Performance' and 'Implementability'. Perceptual maps have been prepared in showing the relative positions of the seven technologies with 'Performance' and 'Implementability' as axes.

The hypothesis, that perceptions of the professionals having experience with ACT are more favorable toward ACT than those professionals without experience in ACT, was supported by this research. Although there is no true operational PRT system but there are several thousands of operating ACT systems, the professionals with no experience in ACT expressed better awareness of PRT than ACT. This research showed that preferences based on perceptions may not correspond to selections based on actual values of physical attributes.

The research results suggest that inaccurate perceptions by transportation professionals could lead to inappropriate conclusions in the alternatives analysis. The model can be used as part of an alternative analysis to determine the acceptance level of a new technology in terms of perceptions. It can be used in the marketing of a new transit technology to identify the areas of the technology that need to be improved either technologically or in the perceptions of transportation professionals, decision makers, or users. 

Title: DAMPING PHENOMENA IN A WIRE ROPE VIBRATION ISOLATION SYSTEM (CABLE VIBRATIONS)
Author: TINKER, MICHAEL LOYD
Degree Obtained: PH.D.
Year Published: 1989
Number of Pages: 129
Degree-granting Institution: AUBURN UNIVERSITY
Degree Advisor: Director: MALCOLM A. CUTCHINS
Abstract: A study of the dynamic characteristics of a wire rope vibration isolation system constructed with helical cable isolators is presented. Emphasis is placed on the analytical modeling of damping mechanisms in the system. An experimental investigation is performed in which the static stiffness curve, hysteresis curves, phase planes, and displacement frequency response curves are obtained. A semi-empirical model having nonlinear stiffness, n$„sp{„rm {th}}$-power velocity damping, and variable Coulomb friction damping is developed. A computer program is developed to iteratively determine the unknown coefficients in the equation of motion, and to solve it using the Runge-Kutta method. Results are compared to experimental data, and satisfactory agreement is obtained. The analytical model is found to have well-defined instability regions for some combinations of damping and stiffness parameters. Conclusions about dynamic phenomena in wire rope systems are made based on experimental and semi-empirical results. It is found that the wire rope system is nonlinear, and that the nonlinearities are due to variations in the friction forces among the cable wires. The cable geometry determines the shapes of the static stiffness curve, the hysteresis curves, and the phase planes. The damping energy consistently increases for increased excitation amplitude and varies with frequency in the same manner as the relative displacement. 

Title: Schwingungen von Einseil-Umlaufbahnen beim Anfahren und Bremsen - Transientes Verhalten eines ausgedehnten Vielmassenschwingers
Author: Richter, T.
Year Published: 1989
Number of Pages: 156
Degree-granting Institution: Institut für Leichtbau und Seilbahntechnik (Zurich)
Abstract: Bei einem Nothalt treten grössere Kraftänderungen im Seil auf; diese werden vom Rechenmodell bestimmt. Die voll beladenen Fahrzeuge können 60 bis 80 % der aus Seil und Fahrzeugen gebildeten bewegten Masse ausmachen. Die Ergebnisse der Rechnung liefern einen guten Überblick über den Schwingungsvorgang und die massgebenden Parameter.  (Available from ETH)

Title: OSCILLATIONS OF MONOCABLE TRAMWAYS DUE TO STARTING AND STOPPING. TRANSIENT BEHAVIOUR OF A LARGE-SIZE MULTI-MASS OSCILLATOR (ROPEWAYS)
Author: RICHTER, THOMAS ACHIM
Degree Obtained: DR.SC.TECH
Year Published: 1989
Number of Pages: 156
Degree-granting Institution: EIDGENOSSISCHE TECHNISCHE HOCHSCHULE ZURICH (SWITZERLAND)
Abstract: In recent Year Publisheds, aerial tramway manufacturers have built more and more monocable circulating tramways since they are economic and allow high transport capacities. Their safe operation depends on the possibility of reducing speed fast enough in case of trouble in order to avoid damages and accidents. Braking produces oscillations. In extreme cases these oscillations can lead to deropement, can cause individual carriers to touch the ground or to strike against a tower construction or even lift passengers out of their seats.

Up to now the oscillating behaviour of an installation only became apparent during the acceptance tests. The calculating procedure presented in this thesis now permits investigation of the unsteady oscillating behaviour already at the project stage. The calculating results were verified by numerous measurements carried out on existing facilities.

In case of an emergency stop there are substantial changes of the tension force in the rope; they are determined by the calculation model. They lead to rope dilatation, sag alterations of the spans and displacements of the counterweight. Observations show that in the spans, mainly fundamental oscillation is induced producing maximum sag alterations in the midspan. Higher harmonic modes could, therefore, be neglected for the simulation. The longitudinal rope displacements on the towers are a result of the sag alterations and rope dilatations.

The fully loaded carriers can total up to 60-80% of the moved mass consisting of the rope and the loaded carriers. As a result of the swinging suspension this mass is decelerated only partially at the beginning of the rope deceleration. This swinging is therefore taken into account by the modelling. It has become apparent that the oscillating behaviour is influenced only by the large spans; short "intermediate spans" can be added to the large ones. We thus avoid high frequencies and numerical problems.

The oscillating behaviour at starting and stopping differs due to the friction resistance of a line. After stopping the rope movements are damped out very quickly. After starting, however, the resulting oscillations continue for a long time. This is caused by high static friction and an insignificant increase of the friction resistance of the line proportional to the speed. This effect has also been taken into account by the modelling. 

Title: Spannungen in Spiralseilen mit erzwungener und freier Krümmung
Author: Wang , M.S.N.
Year Published: 1990
Number of Pages: 123
Degree-granting Institution: Universität Stuttgart (Stuttgart)
Abstract: Das Hauptziel der Arbeit ist es, die Verfahren zur Berechnung der Spannungen in Spiralseilen, insbesondere der schwellenden Längsspannung, weiterzuentwickeln. Die Berechnungsverfahren, insbesondere die von Schiffner entwickelte Berechnungsmethode, werden mit Verbesserungen auf mehrlagige Spiralseile beim Laufen über eine Seilrolle erweitert - bei dem das Seil den Krümmungsradius der Rolle annimmt. Die Ergebnisse der Spannungsberechnungen werden durch Spannungsmessungen an Tragseilen bzw. durch die vorhandenen Berichte über Schäden der Tragseile in Seilbahnen nachgewiesen. Massnahmen zur Erhöhung der Einsatzdauer der Tragseile werden vorgeschlagen.  (Available from ETH)

Title: VISCOELASTIC RESPONSE OF WOUND POLYMER CORD WITH MULTIPLE FILAMENT CROSS-SECTIONS
Author: CONWAY, TED ALLEN
Degree Obtained: PH.D.
Year Published: 1991
Number of Pages: 140
Degree-granting Institution: UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN
Degree Advisor: Adviser: G. COSTELLO
Abstract: In this thesis, the Theory of Wire Rope, developed by George Costello, is modified to include the time-dependent response of twisted polymer fibers under an applied axial load. This modified theory incorporates the cord material's response by utilizing the Wiechert model and the Schapery collocation method. The geometric effects are then combined with the material properties in order to develop a solution for the stress-strain relationships in the cord. This approach involves convolution integrals. The solution to these integrals is approximated numerically by a technique developed by E. H. Lee and T. G. Rogers at Brown University. Several examples using this modified theory are discussed.

Title: CHARACTERISTICS OF CITIES WITH RAPID TRANSIT (TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS)
Author: SIREGAR, FALATEHAN MULIA
Degree Obtained: PH.D.
Year Published: 1991
Number of Pages: 210
Degree-granting Institution: THE UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN - MADISON
Degree Advisor: Supervisor: MARK E. HANSON
Abstract: The objective of this study is to identify the characteristics of cities and urban areas which are associated with rapid transit systems as part of the urban multimodal transportation system. This objective is addressed by studying the characteristics of global cities which have utilized rapid transit (100 cities in 1986) and a global sample of cities which do not have rapid transit (100 cities).

Data are collected on eighteen variables which include population size, growth rate, and density of the central city and metropolitan area, automobile registrations per 1000 population, city bus riderships, the existence of a tramway system in the city, the number of large banks located in the city, the country's economy, and whether it is a capital city. These variables are used to test the hypotheses and to analyze the most important factors which are associated with the occurrence of rapid transit systems in cities. Two by two cross tabulations, a linear probability model, and a quadratic logistics discrimination analysis are used in this study.

The research found that two of the most important city characteristics associated with rapid transit utilization are city population size and level of automobile ownership. The larger the population size and the higher the number of automobiles per 1000 population, the greater the occurrence of rapid transit systems. This study also found that rapid transit systems world-wide are growing in number, and that the largest growth of rapid transit ridership is being generated by rapid transit systems in developing countries. 

Title: DER BEWEGUNGSABLAUF EINES FAHRBETRIEBSMITTELS IM STATIONSBEREICH VON KUPPELBAREN EINSEILUMLAUFBAHNEN
Translated Title: THE OSCILLATION MOTION OF A CARRIER IN THE STATION OF MONOCABLE CIRCULATING ROPEWAYS
Author: MANN, CHRISTIAN
Degree Obtained: DR.TECHN.
Year Published: 1991
Number of Pages: 111
Degree-granting Institution: TECHNISCHE UNIVERSTAET WIEN (AUSTRIA)
Abstract: At the accelerator and decelerator sections of monocable circulating ropeways the oscillating motion of the uncoupled carriers is controlled by single bearing pneumatic tyres with various velocities. Thereby, the oscilatory system of two masses undergoes a pendulum movement in the axle of the ropeway. In my dissertation a mathematical model is introduced for the simulation of the motion of uncoupled carriers in the accelerator and decelerator sections of monocable circulating ropeways. As an example for simulation, cabins are used. The mathematical model is described by a system of non-linear differential equations and includes measurements of mechanical quantities. With the described model it is possible to determine the real forces between rope grip and pneumatic tyres of the equipment at the accelerator and decelerator. 

Title: Der Bewegungsablauf eines Fahrbetriebsmittels im Stationsbereich von kuppelbaren Einseilumlaufbahnen
Author: Mann, C.
Year Published: 1991
Number of Pages: 102
Degree-granting Institution: Technische Universität (Austria)
Abstract: In der Arbeit wird ein mathematisches Modell für die Simulation des Bewegungsablaufes von abgekuppelten Fahrbetriebsmitteln in den Verzögerungs- und Beschleunigungsstrecken kuppelbarer Einseilumlaufbahnen entwickelt.  (Available from ETH)

Title: STATIC RESPONSE OF CORD COMPOSITE PLATES (COMPOSITE PLATES)
Author: KITTREDGE, CAROL ANN
Degree Obtained: PH.D.
Year Published: 1991
Number of Pages: 140
Degree-granting Institution: UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN
Degree Advisor: Adviser: G. A. COSTELLO
Abstract: Wire rope reinforced composites have many technologically important applications. These composites are used in automobile tires, conveyer belts, and various military components. This particular combination of materials is especially effective when the composite material needs to be strong in tension in a particular direction, but also needs to be flexible and bend easily out-of-plane.

These composites are typically treated using classical lamination theory, where the unidirectional lamina is considered to be orthotropic. However, the internal structure of the wire rope couples the extensional and twisting modes, even in the unidirectional case. Two new theories, an equilibrium based plate element model and an energy method model are developed to include this coupling. The energy method model development is extended to incorporate Kirchhoff, linear shear, or cubic shear plate theories. These models are used to investigate the global response of one-layer and two-layer plates as a function of cord angle and cord volume fraction. These results are compared to the results of classical orthotropic lamination theory to evaluate the suitability of the various theories to these composites. 

Title: NIEKONWENCJONALNA NAWIERZCHNIA TRAMWAJOWA WBUDOWANA W JEZDNIE ULICY PRZYSTOSOWANA DO SZYBKIEJ BUDOWY I WYMIANY
Translated Title: A NON-CONVENTIONAL TRAM PAVEMENT BUILT IN THE ROADWAY FITTED TO FAST BUILDING AND CHANGING
Author: AUMIERA, IBRAHIM
Degree Obtained: DR.INZ.
Year Published: 1992
Number of Pages: 139
Degree-granting Institution: POLITECHNIKA WROCLAWSKA (POLAND)
Abstract: The proposed conception consists of oblong sleepers and cross-sleepers and 180 W rail laid on sleepers without any joints. The oblong and cross-sleepers are laid on the sub-crust made of aggregate. The cross-sleepers are covered by prefabricated ferroconcrete slabs in the track and between the tracks. The slabs with equalizing asphalt mix cover the pavement at the level of the road. Calculation of the elements proposed (pavement, oblong-sleepers, cross-sleepers, slabs) are given. The technology of building and changing of the tram pavement built in the roadway and the estimation of the closing time of the tramway has been presented.

Title: Ein Beitrag zur Geometrie der Drahtseile
Author: Jenner, T.
Year Published: 1992
Number of Pages: 135
Degree-granting Institution: Institut für Fördertechnik, Getriebetechnik und Baumaschinen der Universität (Stuttgart)
Abstract: Die Gleichungen der Litzengeometrie sind zusammenfassend dargestellt. Noch bestehende Lücken sind dabei geschlossen worden. Insbesondere werden die bei Vereinfachungen entstehenden Fehler aufgezeigt. Für die Seilgeometrie wird die Darstellung der dreifachen (Kabelschlagseil) und n-fachen Schraubenlinie angegeben. Die Projektion der zwei- und dreifachen Schraubenlinie in die Seilnormalebene wird als ebene Radlinie höherer Ordnung nachgewiesen. Ferner wird der Querschnitt von Profildrähten im Spiralseilnormalschnitt ermittelt. Durch geometrische Untersuchungen von Seilquerschnitten und mit Hilfe der Daten von über 200 Seilen verschiedener Hersteller wird eine Methode zur Berechnung des Seildurchmessers entwickelt.  (Available from ETH)

Title: Zuverlässigkeit des Ablegekriteriums Drahtbruchzahl bei laufenden Seilen
Author: Jahne, K.
Year Published: 1992
Number of Pages: 156
Degree-granting Institution: Institut für Fördertechnik, Getriebetechnik und Baumaschinen der Universität (Stuttgart)
Abstract: Eine grosse Zahl von Seildauerbiegeversuchen wird mit Drahtseilen (8x19 Filler, Seale und Warrington in Kreuz- und in Gleichschlag) durchgeführt. Während und nach Abschluss der Versuche werden die äusserlich sichtbaren Drahtbrüche registriert. Bei grossen Biegelängen werden die Drahtseile zusätzlich einer magnetinduktiven Streufeldprüfung unterzogen. Die während der Versuche optimierten Seilprüfgeräte werden vorgestellt. Die maximalen, durch Sicht- und Magnetprüfung ermittelten Drahtbruchzahlen auf ausgewählten Bezugslängen bilden die Grundlage einer Zuverlässigkeitsuntersuchung der Drahtbruchzahl als Ablegekriterium. Es werden Ausfallwahrscheinlichkeiten für verschiedene Ablegevorschriften angegeben und mit den Erfahrungen in der Praxis verglichen. Zusätzlich zu den in den Ablegevorschriften berücksichtigten Betriebsparametern werden weitere Einflüsse auf die Zuverlässigkeit der Ablegedrahtbruchzahlen untersucht.  (Available from ETH)

Title: DER STUETZENDRUCK BEI EINSEILUMLAUFBAHNEN
Translated Title: THE TRESTLE LOAD OF MONOCABLE CIRCULATING ROPEWAYS
Author: LUX, PETER
Degree Obtained: DR.TECHN.
Year Published: 1992
Number of Pages: 66
Degree-granting Institution: TECHNISCHE UNIVERSTAET WIEN (AUSTRIA)
Abstract: As far as monocable ropeways are concerned, it has been the practice up to now, to regard the trestle span length and the difference of level in span as being constant. But in reality, the points of the support of the rope of flexible battery sheaves are variable, depending on the location of load. The points of the theoretical support of the rope are defined as the intersection points of the tangents to the rope line in the end points of span. The calculation of the co-ordinates of the intersection points of the tangents proceeds from the points of support of the battery sheaves which are, regarding their position, unremoveable. The location of the points of the support of the rope determined in this way forms the basis for calculating the trestle load. The points of the support of the rope change their position, depending on the location of load. For this reason, it is necessary to adapt the ropeway longitudinal profile which is taken as a basis for the calculation. This is done with the redefinition of the terms 'trestle span length' and 'difference of level in span' as being the horizontal and the vertical difference between the intersection points of the tangents, respectively. The point in question being of high importance for practice is the value of the lowest trestle load. Using approximation formulas, it is possible to achieve very good results within a very short time. For the purpose of demonstration of the quantitative effects on the calculation of the trestle load, taking the geometrical proportion of the battery sheaves into account, an example is presented. The precision that is achieved using the approximation method as well as the conditions for an efficient application of the new calculation method of the trestle loads of monocable ropeways are discussed. 

Title: THE RIO DE JANEIRO TRAMWAY, LIGHT AND POWER COMPANY AND THE "MODERNIZATION" OF RIO DE JANEIRO DURING THE OLD REPUBLIC (ARGENTINA)
Author: BOONE, CHRISTOPHER GREGORY
Degree Obtained: PH.D.
Year Published: 1994
Number of Pages: 324
Degree-granting Institution: UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO (CANADA)
Degree Advisor: Adviser: J. H. GALLOWAY
Abstract: Between 1902 and 1906, the federal government of Brazil and municipal government of Rio de Janeiro carried out extensive reforms to the nation's capital. The so-called "Passos Reforms " dedicated public money to new quays, the construction of new avenues and widening of narrow, colonial streets, and the improvement of public health. The explicit motives of the reforms were to ameliorate conditions for trade and commerce and to sanitize an unhealthy city. An implicit motive, tied into the valorization of territory and decentralization of problems, was to disseminate the poorer population from the centre city to the northern suburbs. Key to the modernization efforts of the federal and municipal government in Rio de Janeiro was an improved transportation service.

Inexpensive, rapid, and extensive urban transport would permit a large proportion of the displaced, poor population to travel to the centre city where the majority of the work was located. Without inexpensive transportation, the municipal government would not be able to uproot the population from the centre city to the poorer residential suburbs. In 1905, the municipal council entered into negotiations with a Canadian enterprise--the Rio de Janeiro Tramway, Light and Power Company (the "Light")--for a contract to unify and electrify the existing streetcar companies and networks. Using archival data collected in Brazil and Canada, the thesis analyses the role of this private enterprise in the provision of streetcar transportation and its relationship with the municipal council and federal prefecture, the governing bodies of urban services. The principal conclusions are that: (i) contrary to dependency theory, the Light as a powerful foreign enterprise does not represent a case of business imperialism in Latin America; (ii) the Light, as a provider of transportation services, both encouraged and hindered the dissemination of the predominantly poor population from the centre city and the subsequent separation of elites and masses; (iii) contrary to the ideas of technological determinism, the introduction of new transportation technology did not encourage alone the growth of the suburbs and that the planning and delivery of streetcar services in Rio de Janeiro was used to meet political purposes.

Title: Bewegungsverhalten und Kraftwirkungen des Zugseiles und der Fahrzeuge von Zweiseilbahnen zur Berechnung der Dynamik des Gesamtsystems
Author: Beha, R.
Year Published: 1994
Number of Pages: 135
Degree-granting Institution: Universität Stuttgart (Stuttgart)
Abstract: Als Schwingungsanregung kommen Seilkraftänderungen in Frage, die durch Geschwindigkeitsänderungen das Überfahren von Tragseilschuhen auf Stützen und in Stationen durch die Fahrzeuge oder deren Auffahren auf die Stationspuffer bei Pendelbahnen hervorgerufen werden können. Bei der Berechnung der Zugseilschwingungen wurden nur die niederfrequentierten vertikalen Schwingungen und ihre Wirkung auf die anderen Massen des Zugseilsystems untersucht.  (Available from ETH)

Title: VIBRATION ANALYSIS AND FATIGUE DESIGN OF WIRE ROPE (ROPES, CABLES)
Author: ZHANG, ZHIBIN
Degree Obtained: PH.D.
Year Published: 1994
Number of Pages: 79
Degree-granting Institution: UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN
Degree Advisor: Adviser: GEORGE A. COSTELLO
Abstract: In this present work, two problems are investigated: the transverse vibration of wire rope, and the fatigue design of wire rope.

The transverse vibration of an originally straight and axially loaded wire rope is analyzed by modelling the wire rope as a beam with a wire-rope cross section. The equations of motion in the transverse directions are derived from free-body diagrams, while the boundary conditions are obtained from using Hamilton's principle. The equations of motion are solved by the method of separation of variables, and their solutions are applied to study the free and forced transverse vibrations. The stability of axially loaded wire rope is considered by allowing the axial torque to be increased while holding the axial tension fixed.

A fatigue design method for the use of wire ropes is also proposed. The method is based on a stress analysis and the use of a modified Goodman diagram. The general idea of the current fatigue analysis is to locate the wire which is most severely stressed. By predicting the fatigue life of this single wire, one should be able to estimate the lower bound of the fatigue life of the rope. The stress analysis of the wires in a rope in this study is based on the theory established by Costello and his coworkers, which assumes that wires in the rope remain linearly elastic and there are no residual stresses before loading. For illustration purposes, the method is applied to a simple strand. 

Title: Die Seilbiegung mit einer durch die innere Reibung, die Zugkraft und die Seilkrümmung veränderlichen Biegesteifigkeit
Author: Papailiou, K.O.
Year Published: 1995
Number of Pages: 158
Degree-granting Institution: Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (Zurich)
Abstract: Die Seilbiegung stellt einen wichtigen Betriebszustand von Spiralseilen dar. Während des Biegevorganges verschieben sich die Drähte des Seiles gegenseitig, wobei die Reibung zwischen den einzelnen Drähten eine entscheidende Rolle spielt. Dies muss in der Formulierung des Ansatzes für die Biegesteifigkeit des Seiles berücksichtigt werden. Mit dem neuentwickelten "Seiltomographen" werden durch Abtasten der Seiloberfläche, die Seilbiegelinie und die Seilkrümmung experimentell ermittelt. Dabei ist eine recht gute Übereinstimmung zwischen Rechnung und Messung festzustellen. Dieser Seilmodel wird auch auf Aluminium-Stahl-Verbundseile für die Stromübertragung erweitert und durch entsprechende Messungen bestätigt.  (Available from ETH)

Title: Pressung zwischen Drahtseil und Seilscheibe
Author: Häberle, B.
Year Published: 1995
Number of Pages: 103
Degree-granting Institution: Institut für Fördertechnik, Getriebetechnik und Baumaschinen der TU (Stuttgart)
Abstract: Der Einfluss des Seilbiegemoments auf die längebezogene Anpresskraft zwischen Seil und Seilscheibe wird theoretisch nachgewiesen. Der Seilpressungsverlauf im Kontaktbereich zwischen Seil und Rille ist in Rillenquerrichtung cosinusförming, wenn das Seil kleiner oder gleich gross wie die Rille ist. Er ist abhängig von der Seilbelastung, sowie sehr stark vom Verhältnis Rillenradius zu Seildurchmesser. Zwischen Seilen mit Faser- und Stahleinlage wird kein auffallender Unterschied der maximalen Seilpressung festgestellt. Die Auf- und Ablaufkurve des Seils wird gemessen. Beim Auf- und Ablauf lenkt das Seil seitlich aus. In Scheibenebene weicht die Form der Auf- und Ablaufkurve erheblich von der eines einzelnen Drahtes ab.  (Available from ETH)

Title: Entgleisungssicherheit von Förderseilen an Rollenbatterien
Author: Piskóty, G.
Year Published: 1995
Number of Pages: 181
Degree-granting Institution: - Institut für Leichtbau und Seilbahntechnik (Zurich)
Abstract: 1. Stand der Technik - 2. Rechnerische Ermittlung des kritischen Schräglaufwinkels einer Rollenbaterie - 3. Verifikation der rechnerischen Ermittlung des kritischen Schräglaufwinkels einer Rollenbaterie - 4. Auswirkung der einzelnen Einflussparameter auf den kritischen Schräglaufwinkel einer Rollenbaterie - 5. Konstruktionslösungen zur Erhöhung des kritischen Schräglaufwinkels einer Rollenbaterie - 6. Zusammenfassung der Erkenntnisse und Empfehlungen für die Praxis.  (Available from ETH)

Title: ASESSIPPI SKI AREA (MANITOBA)
Author: HARRIS, GEORGE DUVAL
Degree Obtained: M.L.A.
Year Published: 1995
Number of Pages: 129
Degree-granting Institution: THE UNIVERSITY OF MANITOBA (CANADA)
Abstract: Technological advances are allowing ski areas to function better with greater lift capacity and snow making ability. Ski area design however, has not progressed to take into account environmental design principles and theories. An opportunity exists to provide a better skiing experience by appling practices of landscape architecture to the design of ski trails.

This practicum demonstrates how architectural principles of visual sequence, proportion, scale, enclosure and the spatial effect of light, colour, texture and detail can enhance the alpine skiing experience. Using the proposed Asessippi ski area site north of Russell, Manitoba, the project provides a design for the ski trail system.

The design process for this project involved six phases; proposal and program definition, site selection, site inventory and analysis, development potential, the detailed design, and finally, conclusion. The project includes the conceptual design of the overall development and the detailed design of two typical ski trails, one chairlift loading and one unloading area, and the base area surrounding the daylodge.

The project demonstrates that vegetation can be used to define spaces and effect the skier's perception of motion. A variety of spaces were carved from the existing forest to create a rhythmical experience of enclosure and exposure. Grading was used in some cases to make a trail appear longer and in others to conceal terrain from skiers views. These techniques and others were applied to the layout and design of the trails according to the metaphor of "discovery". 

Title: The torsional behaviour of triangular strand steel wire ropes for drum winders
Author: Rebel, G.
Year Published: 1997
Number of Pages: 296
Degree-granting Institution: School of Mechanical, Industrial and Aeronautical Engineering
Abstract: The torsional behaviour of Lang's lay triangular strand ropes will probably limit their application in ultra deep (2500 m - 4000 m) single lift shafts. These ropes have traditionally been used on the majority of South African drum winding systems and it would be beneficial if their application could be extended as far as possible. An improved understanding of the macroscopic factors which may lead to construction instability is however required. The objective of this study has been the determination and verification of a model to predict the static torsional behaviour of triangular strand ropes operating on drum winders. Rope lay length changes at installation; alterations in lay length with service period; rope rotation during conveyance loading and equilibrium rope torques were the primary variables of interest. A wire rope tension-torsion testing machine has been developed for conducting tests under constant twist, load and torque conditions. The relationship between load and torque, for constant twists, is used to determine the in-service lay length distributions. It has been found that the lay length at which a rope is manufactured significantly affects the in-shaft boundary conditions in the lay length analysis. Correct lay length distributions values, in the suspended rope section, are a prerequisite for the rotation calculations. The rotation analysis takes into account changes in rope torsional stiffness resulting g from the no-slip transition, between the rope wires, associated with twist displacements. This varying torsional stiffness characteristic is a function of the rope load and state of twisting (lay length). The hysteresis response during constant load tests, constitutes a first order effect, but it has been ignored in previous attempts at calculating in-service rope rotation. Consequently, far more rotations were forecast than is actually the case. With the new model, rope lay length and rotation predictions compare favourably with actual measured behaviour in existing shafts. The results of in-service lay length and rope rotation measurements, conducted in shafts up to 2500 m deep, are also presented. Parameters which have the greatest influence on the torsional behaviour of triangular strand ropes in vertical shafts have been identified and recommendations are made on how the depth limit of application for these ropes may be extended. (Available at the Information Center for Ropeway Studies).

Title: ON PATH INDEPENDENCE OF AXIALLY LOADED WIRE ROPE STRANDS
Author: HARDIN, JON-MICHAEL
Degree Obtained: PH.D.
Year Published: 1998
Number of Pages: 83
Degree-granting Institution: UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN
Degree Advisor: Adviser: GEORGE A. COSTELLO
Abstract: Wire rope applications span a broad range, including power transmission lines, hoist cables, and steel-belted tires. Due to this wide range of application, much of the technical literature on wire rope has, in the past, been of an empirical nature, tending to address application-specific issues. Costello was the first to present a rigorously derived model for a wire rope. His model, based on A. E. H. Love's theory for a bent and twisted rod, has been used extensively and successfully in the analysis and design of wire rope for some time.

However, as will be shown, Costello's linearized load-strain expressions for an axially applied force and twisting moment do not satisfy exactly the requirement that, for an elastic system, the work of the applied loads be path independent. In the present study the constitutive load-deformation relationships used by Costello are investigated to determine if these relationships can be modified so that the resulting load-strain expressions meet the requirement of path independence. Additionally, parametric linearized load-strain expressions are developed for a simple straight strand, a multilayer strand, and a three-wire strand to assess the relationship between various strand parameters and path independence for these three cases. 

Title: La motorisation ou "la rancon du progres": Tramways, vehicules-moteurs et circulation (Montreal, 1900--1930)
Author: Veilleux, Denis
Degree Obtained: Ph.D.
Year Published: 1998
Number of Pages: 440
Degree-granting Institution: McGill University (Canada)
Degree Advisor: Directeur Brian Young
Abstract: The subject of this thesis is a technology, the motor vehicle, that greatly affected our society. Between 1900 and 1930, motorization progressed rapidly in the Montreal area as the motor vehicle became a dominant mode of urban transportation. But to reach such a status, the new technology needed more than an increasing number of people adopting it. Because the street was already occupied by different users, automobile drivers had to impose the motor car on it. Above all, it was with tramway promoters that they had to negociate.

This negotiation related to both the space available in the street and the movement of vehicles. Concerning space, the omnipresence of tramways and their installations along with the parking of motor vehicles, particularly in the downtown area of Montreal, led to suggestions of wide boulevards and subway systems as possible solutions. The fact that tramways had priority in traffic and could not be passed by motor vehicles constituted major obstacles for motorists anxious to benefit from the motor car. By the end of the 1920s, conflicts were so intense that the notion of progress was used to promote both the motor vehicle and the tramway.

These conflicts over the sharing of streets had other implications. First, different sections of Montreal's elite favoured one technology over the other. On the one hand, motorists were well organized. At the same time, tramway concerns were determined to protect their monopoly. This animosity within the elite was intensified by antimonopoly feelings and by dissatisfaction with tramway service. Finally, traffic problems multiplied with motorization: deaths, accidents, law suits and downtown congestion. Traffic became an important preoccupation leading to an increase in police forces and the establishment of numerous organizations dedicated to traffic management.

The popular classes of Montreal were not excluded from these conflicts among the elites. Generally speaking, the entire population was forced to take sides with one group of promoters or the other. Motorization then appears as a factor of division within social classes as well as a phenomenon transcending the barriers between them.

Title: Stochastische Schwingungen an ausgedehnten Seilfeldern und ihre Anwendung zur Spurweitenberechnung an Seilbahnen
Author: Volmer, M.
Year Published: 1999
Number of Pages: 245
Degree-granting Institution: Institut für Leichtbau und Seilbahntechnik (Zurich)
Abstract: Seit dem Beginn des Seilbahnbaus stellt sich die Frage des Abstandes zwischen dem bergwärts- resp. dem talwärtsfördernden Seilstrang (im Seilbahnfach als Spurweite bezeichnet). Bisher wurde die Spurweite von Pendel- und Umlaufbahnen nach heuristischen Formeln berechnet, die von BAV vorgeschrieben sind und auf Arbeiten von Prof. Bittner (Wien) und anderen Autoren zurückgehen. Deren Anwendbarkeit auf grosse Spannweiten und/oder neue Bahntypen (Funitel, 3S) wird angezweifelt. Ausserdem ist die physikalische Modellbildung bei den heute angewendenten Formeln ungenügend. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wird ein Verfahren erarbeitet, das gestattet, die Spurweite einer Seilbahn beliebigen Types in Abhängigkeit der Witterungsbedingungen und der Spannweite, Durchhang usw. festzulegen.  (Available from ETH)

Title: Cable logging engineering and system development
Author: Torgersen, Halvor
Degree Obtained: Dr.Scient.
Year Published: 2001
Number of Pages: 50
Degree-granting Institution: Norges Landbrukshogskole (Norway)
Abstract: Paper I describes an excavator-based yarder/processor in cable logging operation. The study investigated the excavator's potential as a combined base machine for both yarding and processing of trees on the landing. A prototype was build and studied in operation, and the productivity of the system was measured in a time study. As a complete system consisting of two workers and one machine, the prototype produced approximately 6-m³/effective hour. Paper II describes an investigation of fatigue resistance in different steel-wire rope constructions used in Norwegian cable logging operations. Test results indicate the following: A clear difference in fatigue resistance between ropes—approximately 50% less endurance than expected for a high-density compacted rope. Differences in rope wear for varying angles of deflection. A correlation between the number of visible broken wires and remaining strength in the rope. Paper III describes an investigation of the differences in service lives between three different steel-wire rope constructions—one standard and two compacted—tested on varying sheave diameters. Test results indicate the following: The relative differences in service life between standard and compacted ropes decreased on larger sheaves. The mechanical treatment process of the compacted ropes can provide the explanation for this. One of the compacted constructions tested (Filler) had an approximately 50% longer service life than the other (Warrington Seale). Both were of the same diameter, 12.7 mm. A clear relationship exists between the service life of the rope and sheave diameter. The service life increased up to 10 times when the sheave diameter was increased by 50%. Paper IV describes tension monitoring of the Owren T3 cable yarder. In 72% of the cases, maximum forces occurred when the loads were laterally hauled to the carriage. Results also showed a correlation between load volume and maximum force in the haul-back line. Two types of oscillations were recognised.